Tips for Journalists Covering COVID-19

The uncertainties surrounding the novel coronavirus pandemic present many challenges for journalists around the world, including combating misinformation and providing deep and balanced coverage while not fueling panic. To support journalists in their coverage of COVID-19, the Global Investigative Journalism Network (GIJN) has pulled together advice from various journalism organisations, individual journalists, and experts to compile this guide on how to cover the crisis.

Key sections of the online resource, which feature many links to other articles and web pages, focus on:

• Responsible Reporting - For example, Poynter's Al Tompkins suggests:
  • Reduce the use of subjective adjectives in reporting (e.g., "deadly" disease).
  • Use pictures carefully to avoid spreading the wrong message.
  • Explain preventive actions; it can make your story less scary.
  • Remember that statistical stories are less scary than anecdotal ones.
  • Avoid clickbait headlines, and be creative in presentation.
• Naming It - Since the outbreak, reporters have been using different names for the virus; one suggestion is to consult the AP Stylebook on Coronavirus.
• Staying Safe - For example, the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) offers suggestions to reporters in the field, such as: Always ensure your hands are washed thoroughly with hot water and soap before, during, and after leaving an affected area.
• The Experts - Offered here are links to several reputable sources of information journalists may wish to consult in reporting on COVID-19. In terms of choosing experts, William Hanage of Harvard's T.H. Chan School of Public Health suggests, for example, using caution when citing findings from "preprints" or unpublished academic papers and asking academics for help in gauging the newsworthiness of new theories and claims.
• Advice from Other Journalists - For example, key points from IJNet's tips for reporting on COVID-19 include:
  • Understand the mood on the ground - then translate it into your work.
  • Focus on reporting, not analysis.
  • Watch your headlines.
  • Remember: Not all figures are accurate.
  • Talk to as many different people as possible.
  • Avoid racist tropes.
  • Consider the way you interview experts.
  • Don't neglect stories that aren't exciting.
  • Set your limits: Sometimes it is better to say "no" to the editor.
  • When things wind down, stick with the story.
• Fact-Checking COVID-19 - For example, GIJN recommends checking out an initiative by the International Fact-Checking Network, which includes 90 fact-checkers from 39 countries who are collaborating to address what has been described in this context as an "infodemic". "If you find hoaxes or suspicious information, reach out to well-established and credible local and regional fact-checking groups for help. Typically they are active on social media and are always looking for leads."
• Dealing with Trauma and Victims - Among the resources cited here is an article from the Center for Health Journalism, which includes lessons for interviewing trauma survivors; in sum:
  • Treat the victims with dignity: Let the victim "invite" you into her story.
  • Allow the victim to dictate the timing and setting of interviews.
  • Be transparent, and ensure that informed consent is provided as to how the victim will be identified.
  • Prioritise the victim's well-being first, the story second.
  • Don't overwhelm the person with difficult questions first. Empathise, and listen.
  • Be aware that dealing repeatedly with traumatised victims may impact you.